goqueryvspyquery
goquery brings a syntax and a set of features similar to jQuery to the Go language. goquery is a popular and easy-to-use library for Go that allows you to use a CSS selector-like syntax to select elements from an HTML document.
It is based on Go's net/html package and the CSS Selector library cascadia. Since the net/html parser returns nodes, and not a full-featured DOM tree, jQuery's stateful manipulation functions (like height(), css(), detach()) have been left off.
Also, because the net/html parser requires UTF-8 encoding, so does goquery: it is the caller's responsibility to ensure that the source document provides UTF-8 encoded HTML. See the wiki for various options to do this. Syntax-wise, it is as close as possible to jQuery, with the same function names when possible, and that warm and fuzzy chainable interface. jQuery being the ultra-popular library that it is, I felt that writing a similar HTML-manipulating library was better to follow its API than to start anew (in the same spirit as Go's fmt package), even though some of its methods are less than intuitive (looking at you, index()...).
goquery can download HTML by itself (using built-in http client) though it's not recommended for web scraping as it's likely to be blocked.
PyQuery is a Python library for working with XML and HTML documents. It is similar to BeautifulSoup and is often used as a drop-in replacement for it.
PyQuery is inspired by javascript's jQuery and uses similar API allowing selecting of HTML nodes through CSS selectors. This makes it easy for developers who are already familiar with jQuery to use PyQuery in Python.
Unlike jQuery, PyQuery doesn't support XPath selectors and relies entirely on CSS selectors though offers similar HTML parsing features like selection of HTML elements, their attributes and text as well as html tree modification.
PyQuery also comes with a http client (through requests) so it can load and parse web URLs by itself.
Highlights
Example Use
package main
import (
"fmt"
"github.com/PuerkitoBio/goquery"
)
func main() {
// Use goquery.NewDocument to load an HTML document
// This can load from URL
doc, err := goquery.NewDocument("http://example.com")
// or HTML string:
doc, err := goquery.NewDocumentFromReader("some html")
if err != nil {
fmt.Println("Error:", err)
return
}
// Use the Selection.Find method to select elements from the document
doc.Find("a").Each(func(i int, s *goquery.Selection) {
// Use the Selection.Text method to get the text of the element
fmt.Println(s.Text())
// Use the Selection.Attr method to get the value of an attribute
fmt.Println(s.Attr("href"))
})
}
from pyquery import PyQuery as pq
# this is our HTML page:
html = """
<head>
<title>Hello World!</title>
</head>
<body>
<div id="product">
<h1>Product Title</h1>
<p>paragraph 1</p>
<p>paragraph2</p>
<span class="price">$10</span>
</div>
</body>
"""
doc = pq(html)
# we can use CSS selectors:
print(doc('#product .price').text())
"$10"
# it's also possible to modify HTML tree in various ways:
# insert text into selected element:
print(doc('h1').append('<span>discounted</span>'))
"<h1>Product Title<span>discounted</span></h1>"
# or remove elements
doc('p').remove()
print(doc('#product').html())
"""
<h1>Product Title<span>discounted</span></h1>
<span class="price">$10</span>
"""
# pyquery can also retrieve web documents using requests:
doc = pq(url='http://httpbin.org/html', headers={"User-Agent": "webscraping.fyi"})
print(doc('h1').html())