reqvspycurl
The Go library "req" is a simple and easy-to-use library for making HTTP requests in Go. It is designed to make working with HTTP requests as simple as possible, by providing a clean and consistent API for handling various types of requests, including GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE.
One of the key features of req is its support for handling JSON data. The library automatically serializes and deserializes JSON data, making it easy to work with JSON data in your Go applications. Additionally, it supports multipart file uploads and automatic decompression of gzip and deflate encoded responses.
req also includes a number of convenience functions for working with common HTTP request types, such as sending GET and POST requests, handling redirects, and setting headers and query parameters. The library can also be easily extended with custom middleware and request handlers.
Overall, req is a powerful and flexible library that makes it easy to work with HTTP requests in Go. It is well-documented and actively maintained, making it a great choice for any Go project that needs to work with HTTP requests.
PycURL is a Python interface to libcurl, a multi-protocol file transfer library written in C. PycURL allows developers to use a variety of network protocols in their Python programs, including HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP3, and many more.
PycURL is often used in web scraping, data analysis, and automation tasks, as it allows developers to send and receive data over the internet. It can be used to perform various types of requests, such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE, and can also handle file uploads and downloads, cookies, and redirects.
One of the key features of PycURL is its support for SSL and proxy servers, which allows developers to securely transfer data over the internet and work around any network restrictions. PycURL also supports a wide range of authentication methods, such as Basic, Digest, and NTLM, and allows developers to easily set custom headers and query parameters.
Just like cURL itself, PycURL is also highly configurable and allows for fine-grained control over various aspects of the transfer, such as timeouts, retries, buffer sizes, and verbosity levels. Additionally, PycURL also provides easy access to the underlying libcurl library, which allows developers to access advanced functionality that is not exposed by the PycURL API.
It's important to note that PycURL is a wrapper around the libcurl library and therefore provides the same functionality and performance as libcurl.
Main strengths of PycURL is that it uses cURL which is one of the most feature rich low-level http clients. The downside is that it's a very low-level client (see the examples below) with complex API making use in web scraping very difficult and niche.
Highlights
Example Use
req.DevMode() // Use Client.DevMode to enable debugging details
// There are 2 ways to use req (like many other http clients)
// First way is to create a persistent session client:
client := req.C(). // defaults like timeout and headers can be set for the whole session
SetUserAgent("my-custom-client").
SetTimeout(5 * time.Second)
// defaults can be overriden and extended in each request
resp, err := client.R(). // Use R() to create a request and set with chainable request settings.
SetHeader("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json").
SetPathParam("username", "imroc").
SetQueryParam("page", "1").
SetResult(&result). // Unmarshal response into struct automatically if status code >= 200 and <= 299.
SetError(&errMsg). // Unmarshal response into struct automatically if status code >= 400.
EnableDump(). // Enable dump at request level to help troubleshoot, log content only when an unexpected exception occurs.
Get("https://api.github.com/users/{username}/repos")
// Alternatively, it can be used as is without establishing a client
resp := client.Get("https://api.github.com/users/{username}/repos"). // Create a GET request with specified URL.
SetHeader("Accept", "application/vnd.github.v3+json").
SetPathParam("username", "imroc").
SetQueryParam("page", "1").
SetResult(&result).
SetError(&errMsg).
EnableDump().
Do() // Send request with Do.
import pycurl
from io import BytesIO
buf = BytesIO()
headers = BytesIO()
c = pycurl.Curl()
c.setopt(c.HTTP_VERSION, c.CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_0) # set to use http2
# set proxy
c.setopt(c.PROXY, 'http://proxy.example.com:8080')
c.setopt(c.PROXYUSERNAME, 'username')
c.setopt(c.PROXYPASSWORD, 'password')
# make a request
c.setopt(c.URL, 'https://httpbin.org/get')
c.setopt(c.WRITEFUNCTION, buf.write) # where to save response body
c.setopt(c.HEADERFUNCTION, headers.write) # where to save response headers
# to make post request enable POST option:
# c.setopt(c.POST, 1)
# c.setopt(c.POSTFIELDS, 'key1=value1&key2=value2')
c.perform() # send request
# read response
data = buf.getvalue().decode()
headers = headers.getvalue().decode() # headers as a string
headers = dict([h.split(': ') for h in headers.splitlines() if ': ' in h]) # headers as a dict
c.close()
# multiple concurrent requests can be made using CurlMulti object:
# Create a CurlMulti object
multi = pycurl.CurlMulti()
# Set the number of maximum connections
multi.setopt(pycurl.MAXCONNECTS, 5)
# Create a list to store the Curl objects
curls = []
# Add the first request
c1 = pycurl.Curl()
c1.setopt(c1.URL, 'https://httpbin.org/get')
c1.setopt(c1.WRITEFUNCTION, BytesIO().write)
multi.add_handle(c1)
curls.append(c1)
# Add the second request
c2 = pycurl.Curl()
c2.setopt(c2.URL, 'https://httpbin.org/')
c2.setopt(c2.WRITEFUNCTION, BytesIO().write)
multi.add_handle(c2)
curls.append(c2)
# Start the requests
while True:
ret, _ = multi.perform()
if ret != pycurl.E_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM:
break
# Close the connections
for c in curls:
multi.remove_handle(c)
c.close()