restyvspycurl
Resty is an HTTP and REST client library for Go. It is designed to be simple and easy to use, while still providing a lot of powerful features. One of the main benefits of using Resty is that it allows you to make HTTP requests with minimal boilerplate code, while still providing a lot of flexibility and control over the requests.
One of the key features of Resty is its use of chaining. This allows you to chain together multiple methods to build up a request, making the code more readable and easy to understand. For example, you can chain together the R().SetHeader("Accept", "application/json") method to set the Accept header and R().SetQueryParam("param1", "value1") to add a query parameter to the request.
Resty also provides a lot of convenience functions for making common types of requests, such as Get, Post, Put, and Delete. This can be useful if you need to make a simple request quickly and don't want to spend a lot of time configuring the request. Additionally, Resty also provides a way to set a timeout for the request, in case the server takes too long to respond.
Resty also supports HTTP/2 and advanced features like multipart file upload, request and response middlewares, request hooks, and many others.
Overall, Resty is a good choice if you're looking for a simple and easy-to-use HTTP client library for Go. It's a good fit for projects that don't require a lot of customization and need a quick way to make HTTP requests.
PycURL is a Python interface to libcurl, a multi-protocol file transfer library written in C. PycURL allows developers to use a variety of network protocols in their Python programs, including HTTP, FTP, SMTP, POP3, and many more.
PycURL is often used in web scraping, data analysis, and automation tasks, as it allows developers to send and receive data over the internet. It can be used to perform various types of requests, such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE, and can also handle file uploads and downloads, cookies, and redirects.
One of the key features of PycURL is its support for SSL and proxy servers, which allows developers to securely transfer data over the internet and work around any network restrictions. PycURL also supports a wide range of authentication methods, such as Basic, Digest, and NTLM, and allows developers to easily set custom headers and query parameters.
Just like cURL itself, PycURL is also highly configurable and allows for fine-grained control over various aspects of the transfer, such as timeouts, retries, buffer sizes, and verbosity levels. Additionally, PycURL also provides easy access to the underlying libcurl library, which allows developers to access advanced functionality that is not exposed by the PycURL API.
It's important to note that PycURL is a wrapper around the libcurl library and therefore provides the same functionality and performance as libcurl.
Main strengths of PycURL is that it uses cURL which is one of the most feature rich low-level http clients. The downside is that it's a very low-level client (see the examples below) with complex API making use in web scraping very difficult and niche.
Highlights
Example Use
package main
// establish session client
client := resty.New()
// set proxy for the session
client.SetProxy("http://proxyserver:8888")
// set retries
client.
// Set retry count to non zero to enable retries
SetRetryCount(3).
// You can override initial retry wait time.
// Default is 100 milliseconds.
SetRetryWaitTime(5 * time.Second).
// MaxWaitTime can be overridden as well.
// Default is 2 seconds.
SetRetryMaxWaitTime(20 * time.Second).
// SetRetryAfter sets callback to calculate wait time between retries.
// Default (nil) implies exponential backoff with jitter
SetRetryAfter(func(client *resty.Client, resp *resty.Response) (time.Duration, error) {
return 0, errors.New("quota exceeded")
})
// Make GET request
resp, err := client.R().
// we can set query
SetQueryParams(map[string]string{
"query": "foo",
}).
// and headers
SetHeader("Accept", "application/json").
Get("https://httpbin.org/get")
// Make Post request
resp, err := client.R().
// JSON data
SetHeader("Content-Type", "application/json").
SetBody(`{"username":"testuser", "password":"testpass"}`).
// or Form Data
SetFormData(map[string]string{
"username": "jeeva",
"password": "mypass",
}).
Post("https://httpbin.org/post")
// resty also support request and response middlewares
// which allow easy modification of outgoing requests and incoming responses
client.OnBeforeRequest(func(c *resty.Client, req *resty.Request) error {
// Now you have access to Client and current Request object
// manipulate it as per your need
return nil // if its success otherwise return error
})
// Registering Response Middleware
client.OnAfterResponse(func(c *resty.Client, resp *resty.Response) error {
// Now you have access to Client and current Response object
// manipulate it as per your need
return nil // if its success otherwise return error
})
import pycurl
from io import BytesIO
buf = BytesIO()
headers = BytesIO()
c = pycurl.Curl()
c.setopt(c.HTTP_VERSION, c.CURL_HTTP_VERSION_2_0) # set to use http2
# set proxy
c.setopt(c.PROXY, 'http://proxy.example.com:8080')
c.setopt(c.PROXYUSERNAME, 'username')
c.setopt(c.PROXYPASSWORD, 'password')
# make a request
c.setopt(c.URL, 'https://httpbin.org/get')
c.setopt(c.WRITEFUNCTION, buf.write) # where to save response body
c.setopt(c.HEADERFUNCTION, headers.write) # where to save response headers
# to make post request enable POST option:
# c.setopt(c.POST, 1)
# c.setopt(c.POSTFIELDS, 'key1=value1&key2=value2')
c.perform() # send request
# read response
data = buf.getvalue().decode()
headers = headers.getvalue().decode() # headers as a string
headers = dict([h.split(': ') for h in headers.splitlines() if ': ' in h]) # headers as a dict
c.close()
# multiple concurrent requests can be made using CurlMulti object:
# Create a CurlMulti object
multi = pycurl.CurlMulti()
# Set the number of maximum connections
multi.setopt(pycurl.MAXCONNECTS, 5)
# Create a list to store the Curl objects
curls = []
# Add the first request
c1 = pycurl.Curl()
c1.setopt(c1.URL, 'https://httpbin.org/get')
c1.setopt(c1.WRITEFUNCTION, BytesIO().write)
multi.add_handle(c1)
curls.append(c1)
# Add the second request
c2 = pycurl.Curl()
c2.setopt(c2.URL, 'https://httpbin.org/')
c2.setopt(c2.WRITEFUNCTION, BytesIO().write)
multi.add_handle(c2)
curls.append(c2)
# Start the requests
while True:
ret, _ = multi.perform()
if ret != pycurl.E_CALL_MULTI_PERFORM:
break
# Close the connections
for c in curls:
multi.remove_handle(c)
c.close()