Scaling Web Scrapers
Once your scraper works on a single page, the next challenge is scaling it to handle thousands or millions of pages efficiently without getting blocked.
Interactive lesson
This topic is covered in the Scrapfly Academy: Scaling lesson.
Concurrency
The biggest bottleneck in scraping is waiting for HTTP responses. Use async/concurrent requests to scrape multiple pages at once.
```python import asyncio import httpx
async def scrape_page(client, url): response = await client.get(url) # parse and return data return {"url": url, "status": response.status_code}
async def main(): urls = [f"https://example.com/page/{i}" for i in range(1, 101)]
async with httpx.AsyncClient() as client:
# Scrape 10 pages at a time
semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(10)
async def limited_scrape(url):
async with semaphore:
return await scrape_page(client, url)
results = await asyncio.gather(*[limited_scrape(url) for url in urls])
print(f"Scraped {len(results)} pages")
asyncio.run(main()) ```
Key principle: limit concurrency to avoid overwhelming the target. 5-20 concurrent requests is a typical range.
Rate Limiting
Sending requests too fast will get you blocked. Implement delays:
- Fixed delay -
await asyncio.sleep(1)between requests - Random delay -
await asyncio.sleep(random.uniform(0.5, 2.0))to look more natural - Adaptive delay - increase delay when you get errors, decrease when requests succeed
Proxy Rotation
A single IP address making thousands of requests is easy to detect. Rotate through multiple proxies:
- Datacenter proxies - cheap and fast, but easily detected
- Residential proxies - more expensive, but harder to block
- Mobile proxies - most trusted, highest cost
The Scrapfly Academy: Proxies lesson covers proxy types and rotation strategies in depth.
When to Use a Framework
For simple scrapers (< 100 pages), async code is enough. For larger projects, a framework handles the complexity:
| Framework | Language | Best For |
|---|---|---|
| Scrapy | Python | Production crawlers with pipelines, middleware, and scheduling |
| Crawlee | JavaScript | Browser + HTTP scraping with built-in queue management |
| Colly | Go | Fast concurrent crawling |
| Katana | Go | URL discovery and site mapping |
| Botasaurus | Python | Anti-detect scraping with built-in parallelism |
See the full Frameworks comparison.
When to Use a Scraping API
Building and maintaining scraping infrastructure (proxies, anti-bot bypass, browser pools, retry logic) is expensive. A scraping API handles all of this:
| You Handle | Scraping API Handles |
|---|---|
| What data to extract | Proxy rotation |
| How to parse the response | Anti-bot bypass |
| Where to store results | JavaScript rendering |
| Rate limiting | |
| Retry logic | |
| Infrastructure maintenance |
Scrapfly achieves 99% success rate across protected targets. See Scrapeway benchmarks for independent comparisons.
Next Steps
- Frameworks - choosing a scraping framework
- Anti-Bot Protections - handling anti-bot systems at scale
- Web Scrapers - ready-to-use scrapers for popular websites
- Scrapfly Academy: Scaling - interactive lesson