The requests package is a popular library for making HTTP requests in Python.
It provides a simple, easy-to-use API for sending HTTP/1.1 requests, and it abstracts away many of the low-level details of working with HTTP.
One of the key features of requests is its simple API. You can send a GET request with a single line of code:
python
import requests
response = requests.get('https://webscraping.fyi/lib/requests/')
requests makes it easy to send data along with your requests, including JSON data and files. It also automatically handles redirects and cookies, and it can handle both basic and digest authentication.
Additionally, it's also providing powerful functionality for handling exceptions, managing timeouts and session, also handling a wide range of well-known content-encoding types.
One thing to keep in mind is that requests is a synchronous library, which means that your program will block (stop execution) while waiting for a response. In some situations, this may not be desirable, and you may want to use an asynchronous library like httpx or aiohttp.
You can install requests package via pip package manager:
shell
pip install requests
requests is a very popular library and has a large and active community, which means that there are many third-party libraries that build on top of it, and it has a wide range of usage.
Guzzle is a PHP HTTP client library that makes it easy to send HTTP requests and trivial to integrate with
web services. It allows you to send HTTP/1.1 requests with various methods
like GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, and others.
Guzzle also supports sending both synchronous and asynchronous requests, caching, and even has
built-in support for OAuth 1.0a.
Additionally, it can handle different HTTP errors and handle redirects automatically.
It also has built-in support for serializing and deserializing data using formats like JSON and XML,
as well as sending multipart file uploads.
Overall Guzzle is an easy to use and powerful library for working with HTTP in PHP.
```python
import requests
# get request:
response = requests.get("http://webscraping.fyi/")
response.status_code
200
response.text
"text"
response.content
b"bytes"
# requests can automatically convert json responses to Python dictionaries:
response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/json")
print(response.json())
{'slideshow': {'author': 'Yours Truly', 'date': 'date of publication', 'slides': [{'title': 'Wake up to WonderWidgets!', 'type': 'all'}, {'items': ['Why WonderWidgets are great', 'Who buys WonderWidgets'], 'title': 'Overview', 'type': 'all'}], 'title': 'Sample Slide Show'}}
# for POST request it can ingest Python's dictionaries as JSON:
response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", json={"query": "hello world"})
# or form data:
response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data={"query": "hello world"})
# Session object can be used to automatically keep track of cookies and set defaults:
from requests import Session
s = Session()
s.headers = {"User-Agent": "webscraping.fyi"}
s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/foo/bar')
print(s.cookies['foo'])
'bar'
print(s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies').json())
{'cookies': {'foo': 'bar'}}
```
```php
use GuzzleHttp\Client;
// Create a client session:
$client = new Client();
// can also set session details like headers
$client = new Client([
'headers' => [
'User-Agent' => 'webscraping.fyi',
]
]);
// GET request:
$response = $client->get('http://httpbin.org/get');
// print all details
var_dump($response);
// or the important bits
printf("status: %s\n", $response->getStatusCode());
printf("headers: %s\n", json_encode($response->getHeaders(), JSON_PRETTY_PRINT));
printf("body: %s", $response->getBody()->getContents());
// POST request
$response = $client->post(
'https://httpbin.org/post',
// for JSON use json argument:
['json' => ['query' => 'foobar', 'page' => 2]]
// or formdata use form_params:
// ['form_params' => ['query' => 'foobar', 'page' => 2]]
);
// For ASYNC requests getAsync function can be used:
$promise1 = $client->getAsync('https://httpbin.org/get');
$promise2 = $client->getAsync('https://httpbin.org/get?foo=bar');
// await it:
$results = Promise\unwrap([$promise1, $promise2]);
foreach ($results as $result) {
echo $result->getBody();
}
// or add promise callback
Promise\each([$promise1, $promise2], function ($response, $index, $callable) {
echo $response->getBody();
});
```