Skip to content

requestsvscurl-cffi

Apache-2.0 267 30 52,519
573.0 million (month) Feb 14 2011 2.32.3(1 year, 2 months ago)
1,751 2 34 MIT
Feb 23 2022 594.9 thousand (month) 0.7.1(1 year, 1 month ago)

The requests package is a popular library for making HTTP requests in Python. It provides a simple, easy-to-use API for sending HTTP/1.1 requests, and it abstracts away many of the low-level details of working with HTTP. One of the key features of requests is its simple API. You can send a GET request with a single line of code:

import requests
response = requests.get('https://webscraping.fyi/lib/requests/')
requests makes it easy to send data along with your requests, including JSON data and files. It also automatically handles redirects and cookies, and it can handle both basic and digest authentication. Additionally, it's also providing powerful functionality for handling exceptions, managing timeouts and session, also handling a wide range of well-known content-encoding types. One thing to keep in mind is that requests is a synchronous library, which means that your program will block (stop execution) while waiting for a response. In some situations, this may not be desirable, and you may want to use an asynchronous library like httpx or aiohttp. You can install requests package via pip package manager:
pip install requests
requests is a very popular library and has a large and active community, which means that there are many third-party libraries that build on top of it, and it has a wide range of usage.

Curl-cffi is a Python library for implementing curl-impersonate which is a HTTP client that appears as one of popular web browsers like: - Google Chrome - Microsoft Edge - Safari - Firefox Unlike requests and httpx which are native Python libraries, curl-cffi uses cURL and inherits it's powerful features like extensive HTTP protocol support and detection patches for TLS and HTTP fingerprinting.

Using curl-cffi web scrapers can bypass TLS and HTTP fingerprinting.

Highlights


syncease-of-useno-http2no-asyncpopular
bypasshttp2tls-fingerprinthttp-fingerprintsyncasync

Example Use


import requests

# get request:
response = requests.get("http://webscraping.fyi/")
response.status_code
200
response.text
"text"
response.content
b"bytes"

# requests can automatically convert json responses to Python dictionaries:
response = requests.get("http://httpbin.org/json")
print(response.json())
{'slideshow': {'author': 'Yours Truly', 'date': 'date of publication', 'slides': [{'title': 'Wake up to WonderWidgets!', 'type': 'all'}, {'items': ['Why <em>WonderWidgets</em> are great', 'Who <em>buys</em> WonderWidgets'], 'title': 'Overview', 'type': 'all'}], 'title': 'Sample Slide Show'}}

# for POST request it can ingest Python's dictionaries as JSON:
response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", json={"query": "hello world"})
# or form data:
response = requests.post("http://httpbin.org/post", data={"query": "hello world"})

# Session object can be used to automatically keep track of cookies and set defaults:
from requests import Session
s = Session()
s.headers = {"User-Agent": "webscraping.fyi"}
s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/foo/bar')
print(s.cookies['foo'])
'bar'
print(s.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies').json())
{'cookies': {'foo': 'bar'}}
curl-cffi can be accessed as low-level curl client as well as an easy high-level HTTP client:
from curl_cffi import requests

response = requests.get('https://httpbin.org/json')
print(response.json())

# or using sessions
session = requests.Session()
response = session.get('https://httpbin.org/json')

# also supports async requests using asyncio
import asyncio
from curl_cffi.requests import AsyncSession

urls = [
  "http://httpbin.org/html",
  "http://httpbin.org/html",
  "http://httpbin.org/html",
]

async with AsyncSession() as s:
    tasks = []
    for url in urls:
        task = s.get(url)
        tasks.append(task)
    # scrape concurrently:
    responses = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)

# also supports websocket connections
from curl_cffi.requests import Session, WebSocket

def on_message(ws: WebSocket, message):
    print(message)

with Session() as s:
    ws = s.ws_connect(
        "wss://api.gemini.com/v1/marketdata/BTCUSD",
        on_message=on_message,
    )
    ws.run_forever()

Alternatives / Similar


Was this page helpful?